Sevastopol', Sevastopol, Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Purpose. The purpose of the study is to assess the effect of incorporating a two-phase ice structure into a thermodynamic model upon its mechanical and thermophysical features. Methods and Results. The vertical structure of thermophysical and physical-mechanical characteristics of sea ice is studied using the model in which freshwater ice and brine (solid and liquid phases) are in thermodynamic equilibrium. Mathematical description of the heat transfer process is presented by a nonlinear one-dimensional equation of heat diffusion, with no regard to penetrating radiation and brine migration within the ice thickness. Salinity distribution was modeled both by the empirical dependence of ice integral salinity on its thickness and by the polynomial reproducing the C-shaped vertical salinity profile characteristic of thin growing ice. The numerical experiments were performed to reproduce the crystallization of brackish seawater under various changes in surface air temperature, both with and without regard to the presence of a liquid phase in the ice cover. The features of vertical distribution of thermophysical and physical-mechanical properties of sea ice during the period of its growth were re-vealed. Conclusions. It is shown that the thermal conductivity coefficients of the ice upper layer obtained with no regard to the two-phase structure are significantly lower, especially at the beginning of ice formation. The permeability of ice cover formed of seawater with different initial salinity and air temperature is assessed. The time periods when the upper ice layer of a given thickness becomes completely imperme-able to brine migration are defined.
sea ice, sea ice growth, salinity, two-phase zone
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